Ch24+pp804+to+809

= Ch. 24 Life in the Emerging Urban Society in the 19th Century 804-809 Science and Thought =

1. List four scientific fields in which new scientific knowledge was translated into practical human benefits during the 19th century. 804-805

2. Your text points out that “the triumph of science and technology had at least three more significant consequences.” (805) List all three.

3. Marx was an example of one of the new “social scientists” in the 19th century who amassed evidence of “laws” of human behavior. Who used the same sort of reasoning and evidence to argue for a new academic discipline to be called sociology? What did this person mean by the phrase positivist method ? 806

4. Describe the ideas of two 19th century scientists whose work laid the foundation for Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution. 806-807

5. What was Darwin’s “great originality” lay in his explanation of how biological evolution could have occurred. What was his insight? 807

6. In what way did Social Darwinism combine the ideas of Darwin and Comte? Who developed Social Darwinism? 807

7. What were the key themes of realism that appeared in European culture between 1840 and 1890? 807-808

8. Give an example of realism in literature for each of the following countries: France, England, Russia. 808-809