Industrial+Revolution+621-632

= Ch. 19 European Expansion 18th Century: = = pp.621-631 =

Agriculture and the Land 622-625 1. By 1800 _% of western Europeans (except the ___ ) drew their livelihood from farming. (622)

2. What were 3 characteristics of the Open-Field System of farming? (622)

3. How did crop rotation starting around 1650 contribute to a revolution in agriculture? 623

4. What was the enclosure movement? Why did the peasants oppose it even though it promised greater yields of crops and animals? 623

5. List 2 contributions of Jethro Tull to the agricultural revolution. 625

6. What motivated the Dutch to pioneer new farming techniques? 624

7. The enclosure movement ultimately marked the completion of 2 important historical trends in England. What are those 2 developments? 625

Beginning of the Population Explosion 625-628 8. Limitations on Population Growth (626) Your book says European population rose slowly until c. 1350 when it dropped sharply. What happened to cause this drop? After that it rose again until population rates leveled off in the 17th century. Why did population stop growing?

9. What were the 3 “grim reapers of demographic crisis”?

10. The New Pattern of Population in the 18th Century (627-628) What caused population to grow dramatically in all parts of Europe after about 1750?

Cottage Industry and Urban Guilds (628-631) 11. The growth of population combined with the Enclosure Movement sharply increased the number of rural workers with little or no land. What did they do to earn a living?

12. The Putting Out System 629-630 How did this system operate?

13. How did this putting out system change over time? 629

14. Why did the putting-out system grow?

15. In what country did it spread first? 630