445-457+Reformation

Reading Questions for pages 445-457
 * Chapter 14: Reformations and Religious Wars**


 * What were the central ideas of the reformers and why were they appealing to different social groups?**

1. What clerical practices/activities did sixteenth century critics attack? (clerical means of the clergy) 2. Takes some notes on the background of Martin Luther. 3. Explain Luther’s notion of “faith alone, grace alone, Scripture alone.” 4. Why was Johann Tetzel selling indulgences? What were indulgences? 5. Why was Luther so troubled by indulgences? What was the purpose of the 95 Theses? 6. Did Luther do or say to the Pope’s response and at the Diet of Worms that truly caused the reformation to break out 7. What were Zwingli’s main ideas? 8. List key ideas that most Protestants agreed on (see page 449, right hand column). 9. What were the differing views on the Eucharist (communion)? 10. Why did Luther’s ideas appeal to the educated elite? 11. What were the themes of Luther’s //Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation// and //On Secular Government//? 12. How did a region typically become Protestant? 13. What were some of the ideas/practices of the “radical” reforming groups? How were these radical typically treated? 14. What factors contributed to the German Peasants’ War of 1525? What kinds of things were the peasants complaining about? 15. What was Luther’s initial reaction to the peasant revolt? How and why did his position change? 16. What were the Protestant reformer’s views on marriage and the relationship between men and women? 17. Why did most Protestants come to allow divorce?