McKay+pp445-457

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= **Chapter 14: Reformations and Religious Wars** = = Reading Questions for pages 445-457 =

**What were the central ideas of the reformers and why were they appealing to different social groups?**

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 * 1) What clerical practices/activities did sixteenth century critics attack? (clerical means of the clergy) 446
 * 1) Takes some notes on the background of Martin Luther. 446-447
 * 1) Explain Luther’s notion of “faith alone, grace alone, Scripture alone.” 447
 * 2) Why was Johann Tetzel selling indulgences? What were indulgences? 447-448
 * 3) Why was Luther so troubled by indulgences? 448 What was the purpose of the 95 Theses? 448
 * 1) What actions did Luther take in response to the Pope and at the Diet of Worms–actions that truly caused the Reformation to break out? 449
 * 1) What were Zwingli’s main ideas? 449
 * 1) List key ideas that most Protestants agreed on (see page 449, right hand column).
 * 2) What were the differing views on the Eucharist (communion)? 449-450
 * 1) Why did Luther’s ideas appeal to the educated elite? 450
 * 1) What were the themes of Luther’s //Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation// and //On Secular Government//? 451
 * 1) How did a region typically become Protestant? 451
 * 1) What were some of the ideas/practices of the “radical” reforming groups? How were these radical typically treated? 451 and 454
 * 1) What factors contributed to the German Peasants’ War of 1525? 454-455 What kinds of things were the peasants complaining about? 455
 * 1) What was Luther’s initial reaction to the peasant revolt? 455 How and why did his position change? 455
 * 1) What were the Protestant reformer’s views on marriage and the relationship between men and women? 455-456
 * 1) Why did most Protestants come to allow divorce? 456
 * 2) What impact did the Reformation have on women in Protestant countries? 457