Timeline+of+Modern+European+History

//This timeline contains one or two of the basic facts from each of the units which we will study this year. It will be very valuable to you when you are trying to organize your thoughts on the A.P. exam in May. Learning this timeline will provide you with the overall chronological structure of this course and it will also give you practice in the often overlooked skill of memorizing essential information. You will be quizzed on this multiple times and I will count only your best scores each quarter.//
 * Timeline for A.P. Modern European History**

1. Renaissance began in cities of northern Italy c.1350 2. Columbus began European exploration of the “New World” 1492 3. Luther began the Protestant Reformation 1517 4. High Renaissance at its peak in Italy c.1520 5. Power shifted from Mediterranean to Atlantic countries c.1550 6. England defeated Philip II’s Spanish Armada 1588 7. Galileo and other astronomers challenged geocentric worldview c.1600 8. English Civil War: Cromwell’s Puritans defeated the Stuarts 1640’s 9. Treaty of Westphalia ended the 30 Years’ War 1648 10. Scientific Revolution: Newton and Locke found “natural laws” 1687 11. Glorious Revolution created England’s constitutional monarchy 1689 12. Enlightenment “philosophes” spread modern ideas 1650-1750 13. Absolute monarchy symbolized by Louis XIV at Versailles c. 1690 14. Power shifted to England after the treaty of Utrecht 1713 15. Frederick the Great attacked Austria 1740 16. French Revolution began with the attack on the Bastille 1789 17. Robespierre led the Reign of Terror in France 1792 18. Congress of Vienna followed the defeat of Napoleon 1815 19. Industrial Revolution began in England 1750-1850 20. Karl Marx argued for socialism as revolutions swept Europe 1848 21. Czar Alexander II freed the Russian serfs 1861 22. Nationalism: Italy and Germany unified into modern nations 1860’s 23. British Empire dominated the age of imperialism 1870-1914 24. Czar Nicholas II forced to set up the Duma 1905 25. World War I: the old monarchies swept away 1914-1918 26. Russian Revolution won by Lenin’s Bolsheviks 1917 27. Treaty of Versailles ended WWI and helped cause WWII 1919 28. Great Depression weakened democracies and promoted dictators 1930’s 29. World War II destroyed Europe and let Russia expand 1939-45 30. Cold War: U.S. and Russia struggled to dominate world power 1946-1990 31. Prague Spring: Czech effort to throw off communism crushed 1968 32. Solidarity Movement in Poland overthrew communism 1989 33. Maastricht Treaty created European Union 1992