Ch25+and+Ch26+837+to+856

= Chapter25 pp.837-842 Austro-Hungary, Zionism, Anti-Semitism, Socialism =

The Austro-Hungarian Empire
1. Nationalist aspirations of various ethnic groups were pulling the Austro-Hungarian Empire apart in the period from 1867 to 1914. List five different ethnic groups involved in this nationalistic struggle. pp.836-837 2. In the 1850's what policies did the Emperor Franz Joseph follow in his approach to the problem of ethnic minorities? 3. A compromise called the //Ausgleich// was reached between Austria and Hungary in 1867. Why did Austria suddenly reverse its policies? What did the new approach look like from 1867 to 1918? 836 4. In Austria itself, what two problems kept arising after the compromise? 5. In the Hungarian half of the empire, what two big problems kept appearing between 1867 and 1918? 836-837

**Jewish Emancipation and Modern Anti-Semitism**
6. Why was 1848 an important turning point for European Jews? 837 7. What are some of the “challenges and opportunities” that this emancipation presented? 837 8. Why did intense anti-semitism return after 1873? What forms did it take? 837 9. Anti-Semitism was most popular among which groups? 837 10. What did Theodor Herzel’s Zionist movement advocate? 838-839 11. What was the status and treatment of Russian Jews at this time? 838

**Marxism and the Socialist Movement**
12. What had Marx laid out that created an international basis for socialism? 838 13. What was the First International? Why did it collapse? 838 and 840 14. Why was the Second International formed? How did it function? 840 15. What reasons are given to explain why socialism/workers became less radical? 840 16. Explain the path British union generally took. 841 17. Why did socialist leaders in Germany generally oppose (or at least ignore) the union movement? What happened to union membership when restrictions were lifted in 1895? 841 18. What kinds of issues did the German trade unions focus on? 841 19. If you don’t know what it means, look up collective bargaining. 841 20. Explain what Revisionism was. 841 21. What did Edward Bernstein argue in his 1899 book //Evolutionary Socialism//? 22. What was the Marxist response to his argument? 841 23. Chapter 25 ends with a concise little summary of the socialist views in the following European countries just before 1914. How is the socialist party characterized in each region? p.842 Russia and Austria-Hungary; Germany; France; England; Spain and Italy [Your recent class notes should give you a better answer for Spain and Italy than your textbook offers. Impress me with what you have learned.] 24. This is also from class notes: Immediately after WWI broke out, what new type of socialism became very popular throughout Europe and even the United States?