Review+Sheet+Ch18+Enlightenment

= = 1. General Will Rousseau’s //Social Contract// //Emile// //Nouveau Heloise//

2. Deism Watchmaker Paley

3. salon Julie de Geoffrin Baron Holback

4. //Candide// Voltaire Dr. Pangloss = ? universal history written without using Bible as a guide Madame du Chatelet translated //Principia// Voltaire’s works introduced Locke’s ideas to the French.

5. rationalism deductive such as Liebnitz and Descartes inductive such as Locke and Hume

6, Montesquieu separation of powers three branches of government despots best for big empires in hot climates democracy works best in small countries //Persian Letters// //The Spirit of the Laws//

7. Newton’s laws optics The laws of motion in the heavens and on earth all follow the same laws that Newton developed. //Principia Mathematica// calculus

8. Ptolemaic worldview was geocentric Dante and Aquinas (Scholasticism)

9. Heliocentric worldview of Copernicus. Know the book titles of Copernicus and Galileo. What did Kepler and Brahe contribute?

10. Who were the two “godfathers” of modern scientific thinking? What were the two different approaches developed by them? What were their books?

11. Why did the Enlightenment spread to its peak in France rather than England or some other place?

12. //Tabula rasa, Cogito ergo sum, ecrasez l’enfame, Novum Organum, categorical imperative//

13. //Essay Concerning Human Understanding// //Second Treatise on Civil Government//

14. “Man is born free and everywhere in chains.” This was the opening line of //Social Contract// Who wrote that? How does it reflect Locke’s ideas?

15. What two things were identified in Cartesian dualism?

16. Who were the two editors of the //Encyclopedia//? What was their goal in publishing this massive work? Who saw it as a threat? Why?

17. What did Enlightenment thinkers think about race?

18. //On the Movement of the Heart and Blood// and //On the Fabric of the Human Body//

19. Prison reform was advocated by an Italian philosophe named…

20. Educational reforms were key parts of the thinking of Locke, Rousseau and a Swiss thinker named…..

21. Name two Counter-Enlightenment philosophers other than Rousseau.

22. Paley’s Watchmaker analogy. What was Rousseau’s opinion of Deism? What was Voltaire’s opinion of it?