Industrial+Revolution+631-648+and+718-726

= Origins of the Industrial Revolution Ch.19 pp.631-648 and Ch.22 pp.718-726 = = =

631-634: Textiles, Guilds, “The Industrious Revolution”

1. What was the typical activity of cottage workers in the putting out system? 2. What was John Kay’s invention and what did it enable? 631 3. What imbalance plagued the textile industry before mechanization? 631 4. What labor challenges did the textile industry (before mechanization) present to the merchant capitalist? What tactics did they use to control workers? 631

632-634: The Guild System and the Industrious Revolution 5. What privileges did royal government typically give to guilds in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries? What other functions did guilds serve? (Note: look at the painting and read the caption on p. 632) 6. Where in Europe did guilds remain strongest during this period? 7. One historian has used the terms “industrious revolution” to refer to what trends in the late 17th and early 18th centuries? 8. What impacts did these changes have on families?

634-637: Mercantilism and Overseas Colonies 9. Which country became the commercial leader of Europe in the 18th century as world trade grew very rapidly? 634 10. As practiced by John Baptiste Colbert, the goal of mercantilism was to… 634 11. England’s first mercantilist laws were passed in 1651 by Cromwell. They were called the. List two provisions of the laws. 635 12. After the Dutch were defeated, England’s greatest economic rival from 1701-1763 was … 13. What economic advantages did England gain in the treaty of Utrecht? 635 14. What was the treaty that ended the Seven Years’ War? When was it signed? 635 What were some of the terms? 635 and 637

[skip 635 to 647]

647-648: Adam Smith and Economic Liberalism The part you’ve just skipped over covered mercantilism and how it played out in the trade empires and colonial economies of the Great Powers of Europe.

15. What are some reasons why a strong reaction against mercantilism set in by the late eighteenth/early nineteenth century? 16. What was Adam Smith’s famous 1776 book? What criticism of mercantilism did it offer? What system would be better and why? 17. To what three duties did Smith believe government should be limited? 18. Read the quote from Smith on 647 and try to figure out what it means. 19Smith’s ideas quickly emerged as the classic argument for _ _ __.__

Ch. 22 pp. 717-721 Origins of the Industrial Revolution in Britain

20. What factors brought about the Industrial Revolution in Britain? 718 21. When was industrialization “in full swing” in Britain? In what period was the “decisive quickening of growth? 719 22. The Industrial Revolution had not real impact on the continental countries of Europe until after _ (think about that year- why was that a turning point?) 719

23The textile industry was the first to mechanize and go over to the factory system from the cottage industry putting out system. For each invention below include the inventor and what changes the invention enabled: 719 Spinning Jenny Water Frame Power Loom

24. What were conditions in the early factories like and what labor situation did this create? 720-721

25. What was the first energy crisis that affected the productivity of the first big mills? 26. How did England resolve this first energy crisis? 721 27. The solution to the problem of pumping water from deep mines came from Thomas Savery and _ in 1705. The pumps were operated by a _ 28. Who vastly improved the first steam engines by adding a condenser? 29. The use of powerful steam-driven bellows in blast furnaces allowed the English iron makers to shift over from _ to in the production of pig iron. 723

30. What was the Rocket and who invented it? 724 31. How did the invention of railroads impact urban workers? 725 32. By the middle of the 19th century, Britain had become the world’s first industrial nation. What was the name of the industrial fair that was held in 1851 to honor this fact? The building for this fair was itself a symbol of the industrial revolution. In what ways? 725 33. England’s population exploded from 9 million in 1780 to 21 million in 1851. This helped to create workers, but it also put a strain on the food supply. Who wrote a famous essay about the dangers of overpopulation as early as 1798? His famous conclusion was that population would always….?

34. At the same time as #33, a wealthy English stockbroker argued that growing populations would always force wages down to the subsistence level. Who was this person? What did he call this fact that wages would always be just above starvation level? P.726

35. What was the “dismal science” and why was it called “dismal”?